Los métodos quimiométricos multivariantes, se emplean como herramientas para visualizar mejor la información contenida en esa tabla, poniendo de manifiesto las relaciones existentes tanto entre las variables (metales) como entre los objetos (suelos).
El Análisis en Componentes Principales (ACP or PCA) es una de esas herramientas. La matriz X es descompuesta de acuerdo a:
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El algoritmo concentra la varianza en los primeros factores, por lo que una gráfica de las dos primeras columnas de V o U, contendrá usualmente la mayor cantidad de información presente en la tabla original. Además, una representación bivariada o conjunta de loadings y scores, mostrará simultáneamente las relaciones entre variables y muestras.
A large amount of the environmental information is multivariate, i.e. different variables are determined in different objects. In the case of the estudy of the contents of heavy metales in soils, the varaibles are the metals and the objects are the soils. The results can be arrayed as a bidimensional matrix, X, with a number of rows equals to the number of sampled soils, and a number of columns equal to the number of analyzed metals.
Chemometric multivariate methods are a series of tools used to best highlight the information of such tables, finding the existing relationships amongst variables (metals) and objects (soils).
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a such tool. The X matrix is decomposed according to:
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The algorithm concentrates the variance in the first factors, so a plot of the two first columns of V and U, will usually contain the larger amount of information of the original table, showing the relationships amongst variables (loadings plot) or samples (scores plot). Additionally, a joint or bivariate plot of both loadings ans scores, will show simultaneously the relationships amongst variables and samples.
Continuará/To be continued
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